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<title>Digital copy</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Digital copy</span></span>

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<p>A <b>digital copy</b> is a commercially distributed <a href="Computer_file" title="Computer file">computer file</a> containing a media product such as a <a href="Film" title="Film">film</a> or music <a href="Album" title="Album">album</a>. The term contrasts this computer file with the <a href="Data_storage" title="Data storage">physical copy</a> (typically a <a href="DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a>, <a href="Blu-ray" title="Blu-ray">Blu-ray</a>, <a href="Blu-ray#Blu-ray_3D" title="Blu-ray">Blu-ray 3D</a>, or <a href="Ultra_HD_Blu-ray" title="Ultra HD Blu-ray">Ultra HD Blu-ray</a> disc) with which the digital copy is usually offered as part of a <a href="Product_bundle" class="mw-redirect" title="Product bundle">bundle</a>. It allows the disc's purchaser to acquire a single copy of the film on a digital device such as a <a href="Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">personal computer</a>, <a href="Smartphone" title="Smartphone">smartphone</a>, <a href="Tablet_computer" title="Tablet computer">tablet computer</a>, or <a href="Digital_media_player" title="Digital media player">digital media player</a>, and view it on those devices without requiring access to the physical media. "Digital copy" is also commonly referred to as "digital HD" (where it is referencing a <a href="High-definition_video" title="High-definition video">high-definition</a> or <a href="Ultra-high-definition_television" title="Ultra-high-definition television">UHD</a> digital copy).

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2></div>

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There are three types of a digital copy. The first is a copy made in advance and included on the disc. The second is created dynamically from the DVD content itself. In both scenarios the publisher decides which content, formats, <a href="Digital_rights_management" title="Digital rights management">digital rights management</a> (DRM) systems and technical parameters are used for the Digital Copy. Digital Copy systems based on existing pre-generated files are less flexible than dynamic <a href="Transcode" class="mw-redirect" title="Transcode">transcoding</a> solutions. The third version is an alphanumeric code included on a slip of paper within the physical film's keep case, which is typed in and redeemed at an online portal which allows the customer to download the film at the store of their choice, using their own bandwidth, or stream it through a <a href="Cloud_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Cloud service">cloud service</a> at the time of viewing as part of a retailer's <a href="Digital_locker" title="Digital locker">digital locker</a> where the customer retains permanent access to the film's digital file.

</p><p>In the past with the first two types, the digital copy files based on existing files included only the main audio track (often only <a href="Stereophonic_sound" title="Stereophonic sound">stereo</a>) and no <a href="Subtitle_(captioning)" class="mw-redirect" title="Subtitle (captioning)">subtitles</a>, compared to the multiple audio tracks and multiple <a href="Subtitle_(captioning)" class="mw-redirect" title="Subtitle (captioning)">subtitle</a> options available from DVD and Blu-ray. Also, the quality was limited by the <a href="Bit_rate" title="Bit rate">bitrate</a> used to encode the file which is typically relatively low and not adjusted to the device to be transferred to. <a href="Featurette" title="Featurette">Bonus features</a> were also unavailable for the most part until online movie stores were able to include them as bonus files with the download.

</p><p>Digital copy files based on transcoding solutions can use the correct audio track and <a href="Subtitle_(captioning)" class="mw-redirect" title="Subtitle (captioning)">subtitle</a> based on the user's location or choice and individually create the digital copy based on the target device properties (video and audio bitrate, <a href="Display_resolution" title="Display resolution">display resolution</a>, <a href="Display_aspect_ratio" title="Display aspect ratio">aspect ratio</a> and device utilize for viewing the copy).

</p><p>Most often, digital copy solutions mainly offered <a href="Apple_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Inc">Apple</a> <a href="ITunes" title="ITunes">iTunes</a> files with their respective <a href="Digital_rights_management" title="Digital rights management">DRM</a> services, with <a href="Windows_Media" title="Windows Media">Windows Media</a> with <a href="Windows_Media_DRM" title="Windows Media DRM">Windows Media DRM</a> and <a href="FairPlay" title="FairPlay">FairPlay</a> also used, but due to the latter's lack of success in the market, most digital copies utilized iTunes. Other solutions also provided support for <a href="Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a> <a href="PlayStation_Portable" title="PlayStation Portable">PlayStation Portable</a> and pre-smartphone age <a href="Feature_phone" title="Feature phone">feature phones</a> using <a href="3GP" class="mw-redirect" title="3GP">3GP</a> video files and <a href="Open_Mobile_Alliance" title="Open Mobile Alliance">Open Mobile Alliance</a> DRM. Some publishers limited their digital copies to Microsoft operating systems and devices.

</p><p>With audio <a href="Compact_disc" title="Compact disc">compact discs</a>, the original intent of having a digital copy of the album on the same disc was to discourage piracy by only allowing the ripping of a version of the album in a proprietary file format with <a href="Digital_rights_management" title="Digital rights management">digital rights management</a>. Due to a number of factors, including the controversial inclusion of <a href="Rootkit" title="Rootkit">rootkits</a> on albums associated with <a href="Sony_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Sony Music">Sony Music</a> labels, along with the proprietary files and interface generally being able to be easy to bypass with a simple keystroke to access the CD versions of the track and rip them to <a href="MP3" title="MP3">MP3</a>, the inclusion of separate digital copies has been completely deprecated in the music industry, though a download code for a digital version compatible with phones, portable media players, or rights to a higher-bitrate copy on a digital music service might be included for an analog format purchase of an album, such as an <a href="LP_record" title="LP record">LP record</a> or <a href="Cassette_tape" title="Cassette tape">cassette tape</a>.

</p><p>To limit the number of free copies, the disc typically comes with a single-use <a href="Alphanumeric" class="mw-redirect" title="Alphanumeric">alphanumeric</a> code to authenticate the ownership of the title over the Internet; some versions of the concept come with a <a href="QR_code" title="QR code">QR code</a> containing the single-use code in order to allow it to be scanned by a <a href="Smartphone" title="Smartphone">smartphone</a> camera, saving the user time from having to type in the long code, which may contain <a href="Homoglyph" title="Homoglyph">homoglyphs</a> that may be typed in wrong. Often the authentication code may have an expiration date, rendering the copy invalid if it the redemption code is fulfilled after that time.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In common practice, most codes have remained available to redeem well after the printed expiration date, in order to keep customer goodwill and avoid complaints about the inability to redeem a code for a title which continues to sell older stock. Over time, this became the preferred method of digital copy validation over including a disc digital file in the package.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2></div>

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Technology industry analyst Michael Gartenberg described the digital copy initiative as "a smart move" providing an easier alternative to customers compared to converting the files themselves using software such as <a href="HandBrake" title="HandBrake">HandBrake</a>. Gartenberg was critical of Sony for restricting themselves to files for the PlayStation Portable that were not widely compatible with more popular personal media devices, such as <a href="IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a> devices.<sup id="cite_ref-washpost_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-washpost-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Fred von Lohmann of the <a href="Electronic_Frontier_Foundation" title="Electronic Frontier Foundation">Electronic Frontier Foundation</a> described digital copy schemes as "stealing your fair use rights and selling them back to you piecemeal", disputing claims by Hollywood studios that it is illegal for customers to rip a personal copy of a DVD to put on a portable video player, even if they own the DVD.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jon Healey of the <i><a href="Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i> pointed out that, with DVDs, consumers were being asked to pay more for uses they had before at no extra cost with CDs and cassette tapes.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols of ComputerWorld.com describes digital copy as "nonsense, a feature that is no feature at all." He criticizes it as an attempt by the industry to sugar-coat <a href="Digital_rights_management" title="Digital rights management">DRM</a>, complaining that viewers should be able to watch the movie they have bought on any device they want, and that media companies should change their business plans to meet their customers' legitimate needs.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<ul><li><a href="Advanced_Access_Content_System#Managed_Copy" title="Advanced Access Content System">Managed Copy</a></li>

<li><a href="Movies_Anywhere" title="Movies Anywhere">Movies Anywhere</a></li>

<li><a href="UltraViolet_(website)" title="UltraViolet (website)">UltraViolet (website)</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100620184711/https://www.amazon.com/Digital-Copy-DVD/">"Digital Copy"</a>. Amazon.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Digital-Copy-DVD/">the original</a> on 2010-06-20. <q>The Digital Copy on The Dark Knight, for example, expires on December 9, 2009, one year after the DVD/Blu-ray was first released.</q></cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080511015748/http://partners.sonypictures.com/bonus2/us_en/faq.html">"Frequently Asked Questions"</a>. <i>Sony Pictures</i>. <a href="SONY" class="mw-redirect" title="SONY">SONY</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://partners.sonypictures.com/bonus2/us_en/faq.html#ch1_10">the original</a> on 2008-05-11. <q>The complimentary Unlock Code must be redeemed by the date printed on the insert included in the disc packaging.</q></cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-washpost-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-washpost_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMike_Musgrove2008" class="citation news cs1">Mike Musgrove (April 18, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120927060238/http://voices.washingtonpost.com/posttech/2008/04/digital_copy_new_dvds_and_blur.html">""Digital Copy": New DVDs and Blu-ray Discs Bundled With iPod-friendly Files"</a>. <i><a href="The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://voices.washingtonpost.com/posttech/2008/04/digital_copy_new_dvds_and_blur.html">the original</a> on September 27, 2012. <q>For many consumers, if it doesn't exist in the iPod-iPhone-iTunes ecosystem it might as well not exist at all," he said. "There are a lot fewer PSPs out there than there are iPods.</q></cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFvon_Lohmann2008" class="citation web cs1"><a href="Fred_von_Lohmann" title="Fred von Lohmann">von Lohmann, Fred</a> (October 10, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2008/10/why-hollywood-hates-realdvd">"Why Hollywood Hates RealDVD"</a>. <i>Legal Analysis</i>. <a href="Electronic_Frontier_Foundation" title="Electronic Frontier Foundation">Electronic Frontier Foundation</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081012050827/https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2008/10/why-hollywood-hates-realdvd">Archived</a> from the original on 2008-10-12.</cite>

<cite id="CITEREFvon_Lohmann2006" class="citation web cs1"><a href="Fred_von_Lohmann" title="Fred von Lohmann">von Lohmann, Fred</a> (November 29, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2006/11/stealing-fair-use-selling-it-back-you">"Stealing Fair Use, Selling It Back to You"</a>. <a href="Electronic_Frontier_Foundation" title="Electronic Frontier Foundation">Electronic Frontier Foundation</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071123125459/http://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2006/11/stealing-fair-use-selling-it-back-you">Archived</a> from the original on 2007-11-23.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFJon_Healey2006" class="citation news cs1">Jon Healey (November 29, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opinion.latimes.com/bitplayer/2006/11/walmarts_notsos.html">"Wal-Mart's not-so-super downloads"</a>. <i><a href="Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. <q>So from the perspective of the studios and federal officials, consumers have to pay for the privilege of doing the sorts of things with DVDs that they're accustomed to doing with CDs (and LPs and cassettes).</q></cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSteven_J._Vaughan-Nichols2008" class="citation web cs1">Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols (December 7, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081209030521/http://blogs.computerworld.com/digital_copy_a_feature_thats_no_feature">"Digital Copy: A feature that's no feature"</a>. <i><a href="Computerworld" title="Computerworld">Computerworld</a></i>. <a href="International_Data_Group" title="International Data Group">International Data Group (IDG)</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.computerworld.com/digital_copy_a_feature_thats_no_feature">the original</a> on December 9, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 24,</span> 2010</span>.</cite></span>

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